KIKUCHI,Atsuko - Faculty of Foreign Language Studies Department of Foreign Language Studies

KIKUCHI, Atsuko

Faculty, Department/Institute

Faculty of Foreign Language Studies Department of Foreign Language Studies

Academic status (qualification)

Professor Apr. 1,2002

Graduate Degrees・University

Other Doctor's Degree Program Linguistics 1993 Completed

Academic Degrees

May 1993 The University of Auckland

Homepage Address, E-mail Address

E-mail Address：akikuchi@kansai-u.ac.jp

Research fields	keyword
Linguistics	;
翻訳学

research topic	Grammaticalization of Japanese postpositions and English prepositions
Study theme state	Individual Research
research duration
Research Programs
keyword	Grammaticalization,postposition,preposition,
Research field
Research Topics Overview

research topic	Cognitive Linguistic approach to examining how a bilingual speaker moves from L1 to L2.
Study theme state	Individual Research
research duration
Research Programs
keyword	bilingual speaker,Cognitive Linguistics,
Research field
Research Topics Overview

Research Publications

No.	Type of publication	Date of publication (Date of presentation)	Title	Type of research result	Jointly authored or single authored	Publisher and journal name	Volume number
1	Textbook23	2011/10/1～2011,10,01,,,	English for the Global Age with CNN Vol.11		Co-authored chapter	Asahi Press	11
2	International academic conference8	2010/7/6～2010/7/82010,07,06,2010,07,08	Conceptual Metaphors and the Process of Translation
3	Papers1	2010/3～2010,03,,,,	Investigating the Psychological Reality of Conceptual Metaphors	In-house publication	Single-Author
4	Papers1	2008/3～2008,03,,,,	Conceptual Metaphors Underlying the Semantic Extensions of the English Demonstratives THIS and THAT	In-house publication	Single-Author
5	Textbook23	2008～2008,,,,,	English for the Global Age with CNN Vol. 9	Monograph	Co-author
6	Papers1	2007～2007,,,,,	Conceptual Systems and the Process of Translation	Monograph	Co-authored chapter
7	Textbook23	2007～2007,,,,,	English for the Global Age with CNN Vol. 8	Monograph	Co-author
8	Textbook23	2006～2006,,,,,	English for the Global Age with CNN International Vol. 7	Monograph	Co-author
9	Papers1	2006～2006,,,,,	Bridging the Gap Between CLT Theory and Practice in Japanese Junior High School	In-house publication	Co-author
10	Textbook23	2004～2004,,,,,	English for the Global Age with CNN International Vol.6	Monograph	Co-author
11	Textbook23	2004～2004,,,,,	Ready to Start?	Monograph	Co-author
12	Papers1	2003～2003,,,,,	Directional Control in L1 and L2 in Interview Situations	In-house publication	Co-author
13	Textbook23	2003～2003,,,,,	English for the Global Age with CNN International Vol.5	Monograph
14	International academic conference8	2002～2002,,,,,	The History of Two Source Markers in Japanese		Single-Author
15	Papers1	2002～2002,,,,,	Semantic Extension of English COME and Japanese KURU		Single-Author
16	Papers1	2002～2002,,,,,	Communicative Behavior of Japanese Students of English in an Interview Setting	In-house publication	Co-author		33-51
17	Textbook23	2002～2002,,,,,	English for the Global Age with CNN International Vol.4		Co-author
18	Papers1	2001～2001,,,,,	Grammaticalization , Renewal and Souce Meaning.		Single-Author
19	Textbook23	2001～2001,,,,,	English for the Global Age with CNN International Vol 3		Co-author
20	Academic presentation7	1999/11～1999,11,,,,	Grammaticalization, Renewal and Source Meaning		Single-Author
21	International academic conference8	1999/7～1999,07,,,,	Two Sources of the Notion of SOURCE : the Japanese Pospositions-yori and-kara		Single-Author
22	International academic conference8	1998/7～1998,07,,,,	Using an Experience-based Theory of Meaning to Explain the Process of Translation		Single-Author
23	International academic conference8	1998/7～1998,07,,,,	Approaches to Translation in Cognitive Linguistics		Single-Author
24	International academic conference8	1997/12～1997,12,,,,	An Historical Change in the Image-Schematic Structure of the Japanese Postposition-yori		Single-Author
25	Papers1	1997/12～1997,12,,,,	An Historical Change in the Image-shematic Structure of the Japanese Postposition-yori	Academic Journal	Single-Author	Nagoya University : Proceedings of The 8th International Conference on Cognitive Processing of Asian Languages
26	Academic presentation7	1997/10～1997,10,,,,	Evidence for an Experience-besed Theory of Meaning Found in the Process of Translation		Single-Author
27	Papers1	1997/10～1997,10,,,,	Evidence for an Experience-based Theory of Meaning Found in the Process of Translation	Academic Journal	Single-Author
28	Lecture19	1997/7～1997,07,,,,	Linguistic Perspective in Japanese Narrative and Description. Lecture Series on Applied Linguistics
29	Textbook23	1996～1996,,,,,	Grammar Notes for Bunka Shokyu Nihongo 1 and 2	In-house publication	Single-Author	University of Auckland
30	Keynote address20	1995/2～1995,02,,,,	The Role of Word Frames in Translation		Single-Author
31	International academic conference8	1994/9～1994,09,,,,	Using Morphological Analysis to Improve Japanese Pronunciation		Co-author
32	International academic conference8	1994/7～1994,07,,,,	Exploring the Notion of SOURCE in the Japanese Postposition YORI		Single-Author
33	Papers1	1994～1994,,,,,	Using Morphological Analysis to Improve Japanese Pronunciation	Academic Journal	Co-author	The Acoustics Society of Japan : Proceedings of ICSLP94
34	99	1993～1993,,,,,	Translation and Understanding : Using Mental Models as an Interface in the Process of Translation	Other	Single-Author
35	Keynote address20	1991/7～1991,07,,,,	The Static and Dynamic Aspects of Language and Their Implications for Translation		Single-Author
36	Textbook23	1991～1991,,,,,	An Intensive Approach to Japanese	Monograph	Co-author	University of Auckland
37	Translated article or paper16	1986～1986,,,,,	New Zealand in Colour	Monograph	Co-author	Reed Methuen Publishers Ltd.
38	Academic presentation7	1985/8～1985,08,,,,	Translation Equivalence		Single-Author
39	Papers1	1985～1985,,,,,	Conventional Expressions and Translation	Academic Journal	Single-Author	Linguistic Society of New Zealand : Te Reo
40	Papers1	1983～1983,,,,,	Semantic Extension in the Colour Lexicon	Academic Journal	Co-author	John Benjamins Publisher : Studies in Language
41	Textbook23	1981～1981,,,,,	Sumitomo Construction Company : English Pronunciation Handbook	Monograph	Single-Author	Tokyo Foreign Language Center
42	Textbook23	1980～1980,,,,,	A Profile of Asahi Glass : A Special Workbook for English Conversation	Monograph		Tokyo Foreign Language Center
43	Textbook23	1980～1980,,,,,	A Visit to Saginomiya Seisakusho : A Special Workbook for English Conversation	Monograph	Single-Author	Tokyo Foreign Language Center

PapersUnrefereedIn-house publicationKIKUCHI,Atsuko2020/3～

Translation and annotationUnrefereedIn-house publicationCo-authorKIKUCHI,Atsuko;FUKUI, Nanako2019/10～

PapersUnrefereedIn-house publicationSingle-AuthorKIKUCHI,Atsuko2019/3～

Translation and annotationUnrefereedIn-house publicationCo-authorKIKUCHI,Atsuko;FUKUI, Nanako2019/3～

Translation and annotationUnrefereedIn-house publicationCo-authorKIKUCHI,Atsuko;FUKUI, Nanako2018/3～

Translation and annotationUnrefereedIn-house publicationKIKUCHI,Atsuko;FUKUI, Nanako2017/10～

Translation and annotationUnrefereedIn-house publicationCo-authorKIKUCHI,Atsuko;FUKUI, Nanako2017/3～

Translation and annotationUnrefereedIn-house publicationCo-authorKIKUCHI,Atsuko;FUKUI, Nanako2016/10～

Translation and annotationUnrefereedIn-house publicationCo-authorKIKUCHI,Atsuko;FUKUI, Nanako2016/3～

Translation and annotationUnrefereedIn-house publicationKIKUCHI,Atsuko;FUKUI, Nanako2015/10～

PapersUnrefereedIn-house publicationCo-authorKIKUCHI,Atsuko;FUKUI, Nanako2014/10～

PapersUnrefereedIn-house publicationCo-authorKIKUCHI,Atsuko;FUKUI, Nanako2014/3～

PapersUnrefereedIn-house publicationCo-authorKIKUCHI,Atsuko;FUKUI, Nanako2013/10～

Practical reportUnrefereedIn-house publicationCo-authorKIKUCHI,Atsuko;BUCHANAN, Pauline2012/3～

TextbookEnglish for the Global Age with CNN Vol.11Co-authored chapterKIKUCHI, Atsuko;;;;;;;Asahi Press112011/10/1～

International academic conferenceConceptual Metaphors and the Process of TranslationIn refereedKIKUCHI,Atsuko;;2010/7/6～2010/7/8

PapersInvestigating the Psychological Reality of Conceptual MetaphorsIn-house publicationSingle-AuthorKiKUCHI, Atsuko;2010/3～

PapersConceptual Metaphors Underlying the Semantic Extensions of the English Demonstratives THIS and THATIn-house publicationSingle-AuthorKIKUCHI,Atsuko;;2008/3～

TextbookEnglish for the Global Age with CNN Vol. 9UnrefereedMonographCo-authorKIKUCHI Atsuko;;;;2008～

PapersConceptual Systems and the Process of TranslationIn refereedMonographCo-authored chapterKIKUCHI Atsuko;;2007～

TextbookEnglish for the Global Age with CNN Vol. 8UnrefereedMonographCo-authorKIKUCHI Atsuko;;;;;;;2007～

TextbookEnglish for the Global Age with CNN International Vol. 7UnrefereedMonographCo-authorKIKUCHI Atsuko;;;2006～

PapersBridging the Gap Between CLT Theory and Practice in Japanese Junior High SchoolUnrefereedIn-house publicationCo-authorKIKUCHI Atsuko;C.Campbell;R.Palmer;;2006～

PapersIn refereedMonographSingle-AuthorKIKUCHI Atsuko;;;2004～

TextbookEnglish for the Global Age with CNN International Vol.6UnrefereedMonographCo-authorKIKUCHI,Atsuko;;;;;2004～

TextbookReady to Start?UnrefereedMonographCo-authorKIKUCHI Atsuko;;;;2004～

PapersDirectional Control in L1 and L2 in Interview SituationsUnrefereedIn-house publicationCo-authorKIKUCHI Atsuko;Thomas Delaney;Christopher Hellman;David Jones;Graeme Todd;K.J.Walker;;2003～

PapersIn-house publicationCo-authorKIKUCHI Atsuko;;;2003～

TextbookEnglish for the Global Age with CNN International Vol.5UnrefereedMonographKIKUCHI Atsuko;;;;;;2003～

International academic conferenceThe History of Two Source Markers in JapaneseIn refereedSingle-AuthorKIKUCHI Atsuko;;2002～International Conference on Adpositions of Movement

PapersSemantic Extension of English COME and Japanese KURUUnrefereedSingle-AuthorKIKUCHI Atsuko;;2002～

PapersCommunicative Behavior of Japanese Students of English in an Interview SettingUnrefereedIn-house publicationCo-authorKIKUCHI Atsuko;Graeme Todd;K.J.Walker;James Wong;;33-512002～

TextbookEnglish for the Global Age with CNN International Vol.4UnrefereedCo-authorKIKUCHI,Atsuko;;;;2002～

PapersGrammaticalization , Renewal and Souce Meaning.Single-AuthorKIKUCHI Atsuko;;2001～

TextbookEnglish for the Global Age with CNN International Vol 3Co-authorKIKUCHI,Atsuko;;;;;;;2001～

Academic presentationGrammaticalization, Renewal and Source MeaningIn refereedSingle-AuthorKIKUCHI Atsuko;;1999/11～13th New Zealand Linguistic Society ConferenceTraugott(1982)has argued that in the early stages of grammaticalization, semantic strengthening is more prevalent than bleaching. Semantic strangthening can either be by metaphorical extension or by metonymy. As a morpheme reaches the end of its road to grammaticalization, bleaching can start to take place, and at the same time, ‘renewal'may begin with the emergence of another morpheme that is more expressive in meaning than the older morpheme. Then this new morpheme can go through the same cycle as the older morpheme and follow a similar path of semantic strengthening and semantic bleaching. In this paper, I follow the historical development of two postpositions in Japanese, -kara and -yori, both of which mark the starting point from which there is movement away, to provide evidence to support the above process. The paper examines why -yori lost some of its functions to -kara and why it retained others. I also argue that the source meanings of the two postpositions played a large part in determining whether the meanings of the two morphemes would be increased through metaphorical extension or through metonymy.University of Auckland Conference Funds 199911

International academic conferenceTwo Sources of the Notion of SOURCE : the Japanese Pospositions-yori and-karaIn refereedSingle-AuthorKIKUCHI Atsuko;;1999/7～Up until about the 14 th century, -yori was used widely to mark the starting point in space, the starting point in time, the point in space through which something moves, the means or instrument used to accomplish something, the cause or reason, and the standard of a comparison of inequality. However, the used of -yori to mark the point in space through which something moves gradually declined around the 14 th century and by the 17 th century, -de replaced -yori mark the means or instrument. In 1922, Yamada wrote that -yori has been taken over by -kara in colloquial Japanese. This paper traces the history of the two postpositions -yori and -kara in order to see how the notion of SOURCE developed in Japanese.199907

International academic conferenceUsing an Experience-based Theory of Meaning to Explain the Process of TranslationIn refereedSingle-AuthorKIKUCHI Atsuko;;1998/7～University of Auckland Conference Funds 199807

International academic conferenceApproaches to Translation in Cognitive LinguisticsIn refereedSingle-AuthorKIKUCHI Atsuko;;1998/7～4th Australian Linguistic Institute,Workshop on Research Issues for Cognitive Linguistics,Recent developments in Congnitive Linguistics have provided increasing evidence that linguistic expressions of concepts are not a random collection but rather are structured in terms of an elaborate congnitive model which reflects how we understand that concept. Since the conceptual models can very from language to language, a study of how a translator moves from one conceptual model to another may reveal how much of the conceptual model is used in understanding the SL and in formulating a sentence in the TL. If a difference in the conceptual models of the SL and the TL has no effect on the translation process, we may conclude that the models are not implicit in the semantics of the language and do not play a significant role in our understanding of concepts. Translation can then be characterized as the matching of objective meanings independent of the language user. If a difference in the conceptual models of the two languages does have an effect on the translation process, then we may conclude models have a psychological reality and are used in our understanding of concepts and are implicit in the semantics of the language.University of Auckland Conference fund 199807

International academic conferenceAn Historical Change in the Image-Schematic Structure of the Japanese Postposition-yoriIn refereedSingle-AuthorKIKUCHI Atsuko;;1997/12～8th International Conference on Cognitive Processing of Asian Languages199705-199802

PapersAn Historical Change in the Image-shematic Structure of the Japanese Postposition-yoriIn refereedAcademic JournalSingle-AuthorKIKUCHI Atsuko;;Nagoya University : Proceedings of The 8th International Conference on Cognitive Processing of Asian Languages1997/12～The different meanings of -yori are often listed as non-overlapping discreet categories. However, such a list does not shed any light on why -yori was used widely across different functions in Classical Japanese. It also fails to reveal any answer to the question why the comparitor -yori took a different path in its development from the other uses of -yori. In this paper, I propose a conceptual structure of the comparitor -yori and the other uses of -yori and suggest that the significant difference in mapping between the two led them to take different paths in their development.199705-199802

Academic presentationEvidence for an Experience-besed Theory of Meaning Found in the Process of TranslationIn refereedSingle-AuthorKIKUCHI Atsuko;;1997/10～199705-199802

PapersEvidence for an Experience-based Theory of Meaning Found in the Process of TranslationIn refereedAcademic JournalSingle-AuthorKIKUCHI Atsuko;;1997/10～The present study incorporates research in cognitive linguistics, particularly the works of Lakoff(1987, 1997), and discusses an experiment conducted on 19 speakers of Japanese and English. In the first part of the experiment, the participants were asked translate two texts which were manipulated so as to make it difficult for them to access any prior experience they may have related to the contents of the texts. In the second part, the participants were given the same texts to translate again, but this time, they were told what the texts were about. The results show that without being able to relate the text to their relavant experiences, participants could not comprehend the source language text, and in this case, they opted for a literal translation. After they were told what the texts were about, the participants were able to comprehend the source language texts, replace the abstract words with concrete words, provide additional information to justify the relation between sentences, discard misleading information, etc. Their translations indicated that the participants' experience became a rich source of information used in the process of translation. These results provide empirical evidence against the existence of purely objective literal meanings, and provide supporting evidence for the cognitive linguistic view that linguistic concepts are understood through our experience of the world.199705-199802

LectureLinguistic Perspective in Japanese Narrative and Description. Lecture Series on Applied LinguisticsKIKUCHI Atsuko;;1997/7～

TextbookGrammar Notes for Bunka Shokyu Nihongo 1 and 2UnrefereedIn-house publicationSingle-AuthorKIKUCHI Atsuko;;University of Auckland1996～Bunka Sokyu Nihongo which is produced by Bunka Gaikokugo Senmonn Gakkoo uses a Communicative Approach to Japanese and has no grammar explanations in English. These grammar notes were produced for students at Auckland University who wanted to have grammar explanations in English.University of Auckland Teaching Improvement Grant 1995

Keynote addressThe Role of Word Frames in TranslationIn refereedSingle-AuthorKIKUCHI Atsuko;;1995/2～3rd International Conference on Research in Interpreting & TranslationUniversity of Sydney Macarthur 199502

International academic conferenceUsing Morphological Analysis to Improve Japanese PronunciationIn refereedCo-authorKIKUCHI Atsuko;W.P.Lawrence;;1994/9～International Conference on Spoken Language ProcessingUniversity of Auckland Conference Funds 199409

International academic conferenceExploring the Notion of SOURCE in the Japanese Postposition YORIIn refereedSingle-AuthorKIKUCHI Atsuko;;1994/7～11th New Zealand International Conference on Asian StudiesAlthough in Classical Japanese, -yori was used widely to mark the starting point in space, the starting point in time, the traversing space, the means or instrument used to accomplish something, and the standard of a comparison, in present day Japanese, the function of -yori has been diminished to the marker the standard of a comparison, and the other functions have been taken over by -de and -kara. Today, -yori can still be used to mark the starting point in space and time, the insrument used to make something, and can also be used to mark other starting points, but its usage is restricted to formal contexs, and there are quite a number of restrictions on what it can co-occur with. The present paper attempts to answer the following question: Out of the various functions -yori had in the past, why was only one of those functions separated from the other functions and carried on to present day Japanese?University of Auckland Conference funds 199407

PapersUsing Morphological Analysis to Improve Japanese PronunciationIn refereedAcademic JournalCo-authorKIKUCHI Atsuko;W.P.Lawrence;;The Acoustics Society of Japan : Proceedings of ICSLP941994～This paper argues that correcting mispronunciations of words in a case-by-case fashion only serves to improve the pronunciation of the one particular form. The paper offers an alternative approach where(i)the morphological make-up of words, (ii)regular processes which apply at morpheme boundaries, and (iii)restrictions on the length of morphemes are taught to prevent common pronunciation mistakes such as itoo(for ittoo, one head), hokkaido(for hokkaido), and shupatsu (for shuppatsu, departure).

Translation and Understanding : Using Mental Models as an Interface in the Process of TranslationIn refereedOtherSingle-AuthorKIKUCHI Atsuko;;1993～This thesis discusses two characteristics of language which affect translation, using English and Japanese examples. However, the general points made in the thesis are not specific to these two languages. One characteristic of language is that it encodes particular perceptions of experience by its users. Word meaning is defined in this thesis in terms of the typical experience the language user associates with a word. Concepts for which there are no single lexical items are encoded by putting together words which the speaker thinks best characterize the concept. This particular characterization of a concept may become established in the language community. If the memebers of a language community form a habit of characterizing a concept in a particular way, it may become difficult to perceive the concept in any other way. In translation, this may lead the translator to impose characterizations established in her own language on the other language. However, such difficulties can be overcome because of the creative capacity of people everywhere to learn new ways to perceive the world. And language provides the mechanism to encode such novel perception. This is the other characteristic of language discussed in this thesis. We can use an existing word to encode a new kind of experience which we perceive as having some connection with the kind of experience associated with the word. Such novel applications of a word can be understood because upon hearing the word, the typical experience associated with the word is evoked in the hearer's mind, and using her knowledge, the hearer constructs a mental model which she thinks best accounts for the combination of experiences evoked in her mind by the linguistic forms. Defining word meaning and sentence meaning in terms of mental images allows us to understand the process of translation: Upon hearing/reading the source language text, the translator caostructs a mental model based on the text. She then besed her translation on this mental model, which becomes a rich source of information. Because the translator is not moving directly from one language to the other, no direct correspondences between the linguistic forms of the two languages need to be sought. This also explains why it is relatively easy to translate between two language whose users share similar experiences and therefore can build similar mental models, even if the languages are typologically very different from each other.

Keynote addressThe Static and Dynamic Aspects of Language and Their Implications for TranslationIn refereedSingle-AuthorKIKUCHI Atsuko;;1991/7～in 2nd International Conference on Research in Interpreting & TranslationThe aim of this paper is to examine two aspects of language・・・a static aspect, which may obstruct translation, and a dynamic aspect, which contrbutes to the success of translation. The general points of the paper are exemplified by Japanese and English data.Queensland University 199107

TextbookAn Intensive Approach to JapaneseUnrefereedMonographCo-authorKIKUCHI Atsuko;Akima T.;K.Henshall;W.P.Lawrence;J.Rabinovitch;T.Takagaki;;University of Auckland1991～A textbook produced for New Zealand university students. The book is designed to cover all the basic Japanese grammar, approximately 1000 words, and approximately 450 kanji in about 144 hours.

CommentaryUnrefereedAcademic JournalSingle-AuthorKIKUCHI,Atsuko;;1990～

Translated article or paperNew Zealand in ColourUnrefereedMonographCo-authorKIKUCHI Atsuko;M.King;;Reed Methuen Publishers Ltd.1986～A translation into Japanese of Michael King's NEW ZEALAND IN COLOUR. The book introduces the history and the social and geographical characteristics of the main regions in New Zealand.

Academic presentationTranslation EquivalenceIn refereedSingle-AuthorKIKUCHI Atsuko;;1985/8～6th New Zealand Linguistics ConferenceIn this paper, I will examine whether anything that can be said in one language can actually be said in another language, and if so, in what way can the translation be said to be equivalent to the original. Various types of translation equivalence will be discussed, as well as the question of how the translator knows for each case what type of translation equivalence is required.

PapersConventional Expressions and TranslationIn refereedAcademic JournalSingle-AuthorKIKUCHI Atsuko;;Linguistic Society of New Zealand : Te Reo1985～It is well known that a truly competent translator is both blingual and bicultural, but the question is, what does it mean to be both bilingual and bicultural? The fact that a translator who knows the syntax ant the semantics of the SL and the TL still has difficulty in translating from one language to the other indicates that there is more to translation than merely substituting the lexical items and reorganizing the structure of the sentence. In addition to knowing the syntax and the semantics of the SL and the TL, the translator must know the conventional ways in which people in the TL ans SL communities decode particular forms and the conventional ways in which they encode particular meanings. Whether one considers this linguistic knowledge or cultural knowledge is not crucial. If the translator departs drastically from the habitual ways in which people in the community decode and encode, communication is endangered.

PapersSemantic Extension in the Colour LexiconIn refereedAcademic JournalCo-authorKIKUCHI Atsuko;Frantisek Lichtenberk;;John Benjamins Publisher : Studies in Language1983～

TextbookSumitomo Construction Company : English Pronunciation HandbookUnrefereedMonographSingle-AuthorKIKUCHI,Atsuko;;Tokyo Foreign Language Center1981～A reference book that explains the production of English sounds,comparing them with the production of Japanese sounds.

TextbookA Profile of Asahi Glass : A Special Workbook for English ConversationUnrefereedMonographKIKUCHI,Atsuko;;;Tokyo Foreign Language Center1980～An English textbook with a Teacher's Manual specially designed for the employees of Asahi Glass. Composed of 12 units, each with a list of vocabulary, exercises, and discussion topics.

TextbookA Visit to Saginomiya Seisakusho : A Special Workbook for English ConversationUnrefereedMonographSingle-AuthorKIKUCHI,Atsuko;;Tokyo Foreign Language Center1980～An English textbook specially designed for the employees of Saginomiya Seisakusho. In the 11 lessons, the student will learn all the basic expressions needed to introduce the company and its products as well as expressions needed while on overseas business trips.

CD-ROM DictionaryUnrefereedOtherCo-authorKIKUCHI Atsuko;K.Ezawa;E.Lattey;;

International academic conferenceCo-authorKIKUCHI,Atsuko;SOMEYA, Yasumasa;AKASEGAWA, Shiro;YAMAOKA, Yoichi1st Asia Pacific Corpus Linguistics ConferenceAuckland, New Zealand

KIKUCHI, Atsuko

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